{
  "claims": [
    {
      "boundary": "這些是偵查中的指控，羈押不等於有罪；不能說這些案件已經成立犯罪。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-2",
        "e-src-4",
        "e-src-5",
        "e-src-6",
        "e-src-7"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-50cc3ae9b672",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣花蓮縣秀林鄉、屏東縣里港鄉等地",
        "population": "2026 年九合一選舉的參選人及其親屬",
        "time": "2026 年 10 月"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2026 年選前，現金與實物買票的指控仍在出現，例如每票 1000 元、壽宴招待與發放禮金。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "受理數不能用來推論賄選比往年多或少。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-2",
        "e-src-8"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-6095880e5b31",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣全國",
        "population": "2026 年九合一選舉的妨害選舉案件",
        "time": "2026 年 10 月 19 日以前"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "截至 2026 年 10 月 19 日，檢察機關受理賄選 2302 件、涉及 2593 人，起訴 15 件、95 人；受理數量反映的是查緝力道，不是賄選的盛行程度。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "這個數列包含《選罷法》所有罪名，不含依刑法起訴的收錢選民，也混入隔年的總統、立委選舉案件；不能拿來說賄選變多或變少，也不能算出定罪率。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-74"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-a01b38aee1c4",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣全國",
        "population": "依《選罷法》被起訴的人",
        "time": "2016–2025 年"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "依法務統計年報，2018–2019 年依《選罷法》起訴 2360 人，2022–2023 年起訴 2168 人，兩屆地方選舉的起訴規模相近。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "我們不知道差異來自截止日不同還是計算範圍不同；不能說哪一份是錯的。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-9",
        "e-src-11"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-eaf7aa58dc9d",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣全國",
        "population": "2018 年地方選舉的賄選被告",
        "time": "2018 年選舉；統計截至 2019 年 9–11 月"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2018 年地方選舉，最高檢統計表的一審有罪約 617 人，六週後法務部新聞稿卻寫 1663 人，官方沒有說明兩者的差異。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "這只是一個鄉鎮的資料，不代表全台。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-15"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-21930edb8223",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣某縣的一個鄉鎮",
        "population": "該鄉鎮 21,161 名選民",
        "time": "1993 年"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "1993 年某縣長選舉的國民黨競選文件顯示，一個鄉鎮有 66.6% 選民被列為買票對象，每票 300 元，由 647 名樁腳分配。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "無罪是因為證明不足，不等於這些送禮合法；判決選集不是統計。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-29",
        "e-src-30",
        "e-src-31",
        "e-src-32",
        "e-src-33",
        "e-src-36"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-40853537a591",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣",
        "population": "《選罷法》投票行賄案件的被告",
        "time": "2007–2024 年判決"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "法院以「對價關係」判斷是否構成投票行賄；月餅、粽子、茶葉禮盒、餐會等案件常因證明不了交換約定而無罪。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "這是法官的解釋，不是法律條文；檢方整理的判決是選集，不是統計，不能說明多數案件的結果。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-59",
        "e-src-60",
        "e-src-61",
        "e-src-62"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-25c33572b2be",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣高等法院各分院",
        "population": "當選無效之訴的當選人",
        "time": "2015–2025 年"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2015 年以後，已有高等法院判決從至親與核心幹部買票推認候選人知情，甚至把樁腳行為「視為當選人本人所為」，判決當選無效。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "根據五則新聞稿和一件確定案歸納，不是抽樣統計。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-34",
        "e-src-63",
        "e-src-64"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-d9afa0a2bfc6",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣",
        "population": "當選無效之訴的當選人",
        "time": "2023–2025 年"
      },
      "status": "synthesis",
      "text": "在我們讀到的案件裡，買票者和候選人的關係越遠、證據越間接，法院越難推認候選人知情。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "2018 年那一屆的數字沒有取得；公開資料沒有拆開是本人、家人還是陣營買票。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-8",
        "e-src-10"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-18b195f27e99",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣全國",
        "population": "被提起當選無效之訴的當選人",
        "time": "2014 年與 2022 年地方選舉"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2014 年那一屆有 135 件、2022 年那一屆有 114 件判決當選無效確定。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "不能說法院完全無法透過推認追究候選人。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-28",
        "e-src-52",
        "e-src-53"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-838754df1227",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣與日本",
        "population": "公職人員選舉的候選人",
        "time": "現行法"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "現行選罷法沒有日本式「不問名義」的送禮禁止，也沒有讓候選人為陣營買票負連帶責任的條文；第 112 條只在候選人本人有罪確定時處罰推薦政黨。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "協商過程和行政院草案說明我們沒有讀到，裡面可能有理由。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-71",
        "e-src-72"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-c04e98a3a47b",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣立法院",
        "population": "立法院院會",
        "time": "2007 年 10–11 月"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2007 年二讀的院會紀錄裡，政黨處罰、停職、當選無效之訴的條文都是「照協商條文通過」，沒有人發言說明理由，整份紀錄沒有「連坐」兩字。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "沒有找到不等於檢討一定不存在；但相關機關沒有公開。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-27",
        "e-src-65",
        "e-src-66",
        "e-src-67",
        "e-src-68"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-308d96730a60",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣",
        "population": "法務部、中選會、立法院",
        "time": "2000–2026 年"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2000 年法務部委託的研究、2005 年中選會主委和 2018 年法務部次長都曾表態研究或思考日本的連坐或送禮禁止，但我們沒有找到後續檢討的公開結果。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "只針對前臺北縣改制前的鄉鎮市，不能套到每個縣市，也不代表任何人買票。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-50"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-b184f78bf264",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "前臺北縣各鄉鎮市",
        "population": "地方民代與公所",
        "time": "2011 年調查"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2011 年監察院認定，前臺北縣的地方民代配合款被當作「討好選民、酬謝樁腳」的財政資源，並糾正新北市政府與行政院主計處。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "行賄那一端沒有分出候選人、樁腳的公開統計。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-13"
      ],
      "id": "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-205a39f0918d",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "台灣全國",
        "population": "依刑法妨害投票罪起訴或判決的人",
        "time": "2014 年至 2024 年 9 月"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2014 年到 2024 年 9 月，投票受賄罪裁判確定有罪 1053 人，起訴占刑法妨害投票罪起訴人數的 48.9%。"
    }
  ],
  "evidence": [
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-1",
      "locator": "中選會公告：2026 年 11 月 28 日九合一地方選舉投票日",
      "source_id": "src-1",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-2",
      "locator": "報導：截至 2026 年 10 月 19 日，檢察機關受理妨害選舉案件 6415 件，其中賄選 2302 件、2593 人，已起訴 15 件、95 人",
      "source_id": "src-2",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-50cc3ae9b672",
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-6095880e5b31"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-3",
      "locator": "檔案展示頁：1950 年戰後第一輪縣市長、縣市議員選舉",
      "source_id": "src-3",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-4",
      "locator": "報導：花蓮秀林鄉參選夫妻與地方公益協會負責人三人遭裁定羈押禁見",
      "source_id": "src-4",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-50cc3ae9b672"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-150df567779b"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-5",
      "locator": "報導：檢調懷疑部分款項來自協會善款，含鄉公所撥給地方的回饋金",
      "source_id": "src-5",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-50cc3ae9b672"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-150df567779b"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-6",
      "locator": "報導：主任檢察官稱公益侵占部分「還要再深入追查」",
      "source_id": "src-6",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-50cc3ae9b672"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-7",
      "locator": "報導：屏東里港鄉民代表參選人之父被控一票 1000 元買票；當地民眾受訪引語",
      "source_id": "src-7",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-50cc3ae9b672"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-31ccef1a6abf",
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-ae2d54b23c06"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-8",
      "locator": "法務部 10 月 7 日新聞稿：截至 9 月上旬受理 1780 件，其中賄選 984 件",
      "source_id": "src-8",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-18b195f27e99",
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-6095880e5b31"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-ae2d54b23c06"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-9",
      "locator": "2019 年 11 月新聞稿：2018 年地方選舉起訴賄選 1383 件、2736 人，一審有罪 1663 人",
      "source_id": "src-9",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-eaf7aa58dc9d"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-31ccef1a6abf"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-10",
      "locator": "《法務行政一年 2016》p.39：2014 年九合一選舉至 2016 年底起訴 1498 件、4063 人；當選無效之訴 169 件、判決確定 135 件",
      "source_id": "src-10",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-18b195f27e99"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-ae2d54b23c06"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-11",
      "locator": "統計表（截至 2019 年 9 月 30 日）：2016 年立委選舉賄選起訴 187 件、789 人，一審有罪 283 人，終審有罪 137 人",
      "source_id": "src-11",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-eaf7aa58dc9d"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-12",
      "locator": "1995 年法務部長馬英九報告：六種地方選舉受理賄選 3038 件，起訴 871 人，一審有罪 573 人；「有傳聞即查，有證據即辦」",
      "source_id": "src-12",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-ae2d54b23c06"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-13",
      "locator": "p.4：2014 年至 2024 年 9 月刑法妨害投票罪定罪率 82.2%",
      "source_id": "src-13",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-205a39f0918d"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-14",
      "locator": "pp.99–102（1960 年石錫勳彰化縣長選舉指控）；p.105（1957 年監察員要求遭拒）",
      "source_id": "src-14",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-15",
      "locator": "pp.233–239：1993 年縣長選舉國民黨競選總部內部文件，14,090/21,161 人列買票對象、每票 300 元、647 名樁腳",
      "source_id": "src-15",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-21930edb8223"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-16",
      "locator": "引文：「沒有買票，國民黨的椿腳根本不知道如何爲其候選人動員。」",
      "source_id": "src-16",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-17",
      "locator": "田野估計買票比例 vs. 問卷自陳 25%–30%",
      "source_id": "src-17",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-18",
      "locator": "《選罷法》1980 年制定版本（版本日期 1980-05-14）：對候選人行賄、團體假借捐助、當選無效之訴條文",
      "source_id": "src-18",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-19",
      "locator": "《選罷法》1994 年修正版本（版本日期 1994-07-23）：對選民投票行賄專條、預備買票",
      "source_id": "src-19",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-20",
      "locator": "法務部 1998 年函：當選名單公告前收送議長選舉賄款、「有投票權人」見解「不無商榷之餘地」",
      "source_id": "src-20",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-21",
      "locator": "《選罷法》2005 年修正版本（版本日期 2005-11-30）：刑度三年以上十年以下、議長副議長選舉條文",
      "source_id": "src-21",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-22",
      "locator": "《公職人員選舉罷免法》法規沿革頁（2005 年修正等歷次沿革）",
      "source_id": "src-22",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-23",
      "locator": "引文：司法獨立改革使「國民黨無法用司法來保護地方派系的貪污和買票」",
      "source_id": "src-23",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-24",
      "locator": "報導（Wayback Machine 2020-12-08 存檔）：2002 年高雄市議長選舉朱安雄每票 500 萬元，判三年半確定",
      "source_id": "src-24",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-25",
      "locator": "報導：2004 年高雄市議會 17 名議員判決有罪須解職，達補選門檻",
      "source_id": "src-25",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-26",
      "locator": "高雄地檢署紀錄 PDF：扣案帳冊金流、經手人羈押庭轉污點證人、交款人供出議員名單",
      "source_id": "src-26",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-9f42363c5787"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-27",
      "locator": "立法院公報 107 卷 88 期 p.263：2018 年 10 月法務部次長陳明堂發言",
      "source_id": "src-27",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-308d96730a60"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-28",
      "locator": "《公職人員選舉罷免法》第 99 條",
      "source_id": "src-28",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-838754df1227"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-29",
      "locator": "臺灣高等法院臺中分院 112 年度選上字第 20 號判決（裁判日期 2024-05-28）：對價關係判斷標準、「亦無所謂市價或行情之絕對標準」",
      "source_id": "src-29",
      "supports": [
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    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-30",
      "locator": "最高法院 96 年度台上字第 1233 號判決：月餅禮盒案維持無罪",
      "source_id": "src-30",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-40853537a591"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-31",
      "locator": "新聞稿：臺中高分院 2023 年 11 月慈善救濟物資案維持無罪，「實屬一般性慈善救濟活動」",
      "source_id": "src-31",
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        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-40853537a591"
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    },
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      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-32",
      "locator": "新聞稿：白米加禮券案，二審 2024 年改判無罪",
      "source_id": "src-32",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-40853537a591"
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    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-33",
      "locator": "新聞稿：餐會加紅酒案，一審 2023 年判無罪",
      "source_id": "src-33",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-40853537a591"
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    },
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      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-34",
      "locator": "新聞稿：宴請 26 名環保志工、每人約 577 元，三名競選團隊成員依《選罷法》第 99 條有罪確定",
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    },
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      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-35",
      "locator": "報導：新北里長與協會理事長南京旅遊案，二審改判兩年六月與四年八月，2026 年 9 月定讞",
      "source_id": "src-35",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-36",
      "locator": "最高檢察署《公職人員選舉罷免法無罪判決案例彙編》（2022，46 則案例）",
      "source_id": "src-36",
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    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-37",
      "locator": "2026 年 9 月臺中地檢署檢察長受訪：「也不是禮品價值不高就一定沒有問題」、核心為「對價關係」",
      "source_id": "src-37",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-38",
      "locator": "最高檢新聞稿（選舉餐會）：構成要件須「有對價關係、足以影響投票意願」",
      "source_id": "src-38",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-39",
      "locator": "報導：台北里長參選人稱「都沒有說選舉」，檢方指涉嫌設宴免費招待",
      "source_id": "src-39",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-40",
      "locator": "報導：新北中和里長共餐發百元現金稱「便當有訂，業者他們聽錯沒送」，檢方已起訴",
      "source_id": "src-40",
      "supports": []
    },
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      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-41",
      "locator": "PTT Tainan 板文章 M.1744562425.A.955：2025 年黨內初選前看戲送清潔用品之網友討論（網友說法，未經證實）",
      "source_id": "src-41",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-42",
      "locator": "報導：執業律師談請吃飯是否構成賄選的判讀（目的、對象、時間）",
      "source_id": "src-42",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-43",
      "locator": "報導：嘉義縣長參選人設反賄專線，稱民眾怕檢舉後被認出、被排擠",
      "source_id": "src-43",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-44",
      "locator": "報導：士林地檢署檢察長提醒行動支付紅包、遊戲點數、虛擬貨幣，「看不見現金，不代表查不到金流」",
      "source_id": "src-44",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-967b69f88b67"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-45",
      "locator": "碩士論文（論文系統編號 108NTHU5610017）：議員建議款用途與對得票、連任之效果",
      "source_id": "src-45",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-967b69f88b67"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-46",
      "locator": "報導：新北市議員 2024 年每年 1200 萬元建議款額度，主計處說明",
      "source_id": "src-46",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-47",
      "locator": "報導：台北市總預算未編列議員配合款",
      "source_id": "src-47",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-48",
      "locator": "基隆市政府公告：自 2027 年度預算起不再以個別議員名義定額分配",
      "source_id": "src-48",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-967b69f88b67"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-49",
      "locator": "論文：台北市兩選區議員建議款分配偏向強勢地盤",
      "source_id": "src-49",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-967b69f88b67"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-50",
      "locator": "pp.69–71：「地方民代配合款」淪為「私房錢」，糾正新北市政府與行政院主計處",
      "source_id": "src-50",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-b184f78bf264"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-51",
      "locator": "報導：最高檢 2026 年 10 月提供資料，彰化縣議長議會公款餐會案、高雄市議員參選人漁會資源案",
      "source_id": "src-51",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-52",
      "locator": "選舉 FAQ 頁：公職選舉法第 199 條之 2 候選人捐贈禁止",
      "source_id": "src-52",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-838754df1227"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-53",
      "locator": "說明頁：連座制（秘書、組織運動管理者等，當選無效、五年內不得在同選區參選）",
      "source_id": "src-53",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-838754df1227"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-54",
      "locator": "1994 年 10 月 28 日眾議院政治改革調查特別委員會會議錄",
      "source_id": "src-54",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-55",
      "locator": "大阪高等裁判所判決全文 PDF（hanrei-pdf-16198）；引文段落截斷，未載明頁碼",
      "source_id": "src-55",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-56",
      "locator": "Representation of the People Act 1983, section 114（treating）",
      "source_id": "src-56",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-57",
      "locator": "Representation of the People Act 1983, section 159",
      "source_id": "src-57",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-58",
      "locator": "United States Code (2023 ed.), Title 52, §10307(c)",
      "source_id": "src-58",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-31ccef1a6abf"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-59",
      "locator": "《2023 公職人員選舉罷免法偵查要領彙編》13-1 壹拾參、當選無效之訴類（選罷法第 120 條）",
      "source_id": "src-59",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-25c33572b2be"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-31ccef1a6abf"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-60",
      "locator": "《2023 偵查要領彙編》13-2〈提起當選無效之訴參考指引〉：臺灣高等法院 108 年度選上字第 24 號、臺中高分院 104 年度選上字第 45 號",
      "source_id": "src-60",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-25c33572b2be"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-61",
      "locator": "新聞稿：雲林鄉民代表配偶為「競選事務之主要操盤手」、「手足之延伸」，判當選無效",
      "source_id": "src-61",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-25c33572b2be"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-62",
      "locator": "新聞稿：苗栗鎮民代表當選人「事先概括知情並容任」，當選無效確定",
      "source_id": "src-62",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-25c33572b2be"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-63",
      "locator": "新聞稿：2023–2025 年高等法院當選無效之訴新聞稿五則之一（引文未載明個案）",
      "source_id": "src-63",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-d9afa0a2bfc6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-64",
      "locator": "新聞稿：2023–2025 年高等法院當選無效之訴新聞稿五則之一（引文未載明個案）",
      "source_id": "src-64",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-d9afa0a2bfc6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-65",
      "locator": "法務部公布東海大學學者主持研究：建議「仿造日本連坐制」",
      "source_id": "src-65",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-308d96730a60"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-9f42363c5787"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-66",
      "locator": "立法院公報 94 卷 63 期 pp.52–53：中選會主委張政雄答詢連坐法",
      "source_id": "src-66",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-308d96730a60"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-9f42363c5787"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-67",
      "locator": "立法院公報 94 卷 71 期（引文截斷，未載明頁碼）",
      "source_id": "src-67",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-308d96730a60"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-9f42363c5787"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-68",
      "locator": "立法院公報 95 卷 44 期（引文截斷，未載明頁碼）",
      "source_id": "src-68",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-308d96730a60"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-fdb91896d68d"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-69",
      "locator": "立法院法制局研究頁（引文截斷，未載明章節）",
      "source_id": "src-69",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-fdb91896d68d"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-70",
      "locator": "國會圖書館 pathfinder 91（引文截斷，未載明頁碼）",
      "source_id": "src-70",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-fdb91896d68d"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-71",
      "locator": "立法院公報 96 卷 73 期（引文截斷，未載明頁碼）",
      "source_id": "src-71",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-c04e98a3a47b"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-fdb91896d68d"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-72",
      "locator": "立法院公報 96 卷 76 期（引文截斷，未載明頁碼）",
      "source_id": "src-72",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-c04e98a3a47b"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-73",
      "locator": "法務部主管法規 FL004998（引文截斷，未載明條號）",
      "source_id": "src-73",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-ae2d54b23c06"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-74",
      "locator": "法務統計年報章節 733_22_3：《選罷法》整體起訴與有罪人數表（未區分候選人、樁腳）",
      "source_id": "src-74",
      "supports": [
        "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-a01b38aee1c4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-6e55eb7beda9"
      ],
      "id": "e-page",
      "locator": "頁面「還不知道、而且會改變結論的」區段",
      "source_id": "src-page",
      "supports": []
    }
  ],
  "inquiry": {
    "id": "pursuit_a7896ce496e435d944e0",
    "reader_promise": "刑罰一路加重，查緝也真的會咬人；但刑法只抓得到「證明得了的交換」。候選人要不要為陣營買票負責，靠的是法官推認，不是法律明文，而且 2007 年修法選擇罰政黨、不罰候選人，公開紀錄裡沒有留下理由。",
    "root_question": "台灣賄選 76 年：選了這麼久，為什麼選票還能用利益交換？",
    "updated_at": "2026-10-27T10:18:15+00:00"
  },
  "queries": [
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-50cc3ae9b672",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-6095880e5b31",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-a01b38aee1c4",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-eaf7aa58dc9d",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-21930edb8223",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-40853537a591",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-25c33572b2be",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-d9afa0a2bfc6",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-18b195f27e99",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-838754df1227",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-c04e98a3a47b",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-308d96730a60",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-b184f78bf264",
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-205a39f0918d"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-ae2d54b23c06",
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-31ccef1a6abf",
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-fdb91896d68d",
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-9f42363c5787",
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-150df567779b",
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-967b69f88b67",
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-6e55eb7beda9"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-ccd586061442",
      "text": "台灣賄選 76 年：選了這麼久，為什麼選票還能用利益交換？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-50cc3ae9b672"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-50cc3ae9b672",
      "text": "2026 年選前，現金與實物買票的指控仍在出現，例如每票 1000 元、壽宴招待與發放禮金。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-6095880e5b31"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-6095880e5b31",
      "text": "截至 2026 年 10 月 19 日，檢察機關受理賄選 2302 件、涉及 2593 人，起訴 15 件、95 人；受理數量反映的是查緝力道，不是賄選的盛行程度。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-a01b38aee1c4"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-a01b38aee1c4",
      "text": "依法務統計年報，2018–2019 年依《選罷法》起訴 2360 人，2022–2023 年起訴 2168 人，兩屆地方選舉的起訴規模相近。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-eaf7aa58dc9d"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-eaf7aa58dc9d",
      "text": "2018 年地方選舉，最高檢統計表的一審有罪約 617 人，六週後法務部新聞稿卻寫 1663 人，官方沒有說明兩者的差異。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-21930edb8223"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-21930edb8223",
      "text": "1993 年某縣長選舉的國民黨競選文件顯示，一個鄉鎮有 66.6% 選民被列為買票對象，每票 300 元，由 647 名樁腳分配。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-40853537a591"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-40853537a591",
      "text": "法院以「對價關係」判斷是否構成投票行賄；月餅、粽子、茶葉禮盒、餐會等案件常因證明不了交換約定而無罪。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-25c33572b2be"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-25c33572b2be",
      "text": "2015 年以後，已有高等法院判決從至親與核心幹部買票推認候選人知情，甚至把樁腳行為「視為當選人本人所為」，判決當選無效。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-d9afa0a2bfc6"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-d9afa0a2bfc6",
      "text": "在我們讀到的案件裡，買票者和候選人的關係越遠、證據越間接，法院越難推認候選人知情。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-18b195f27e99"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-18b195f27e99",
      "text": "2014 年那一屆有 135 件、2022 年那一屆有 114 件判決當選無效確定。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-838754df1227"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-838754df1227",
      "text": "現行選罷法沒有日本式「不問名義」的送禮禁止，也沒有讓候選人為陣營買票負連帶責任的條文；第 112 條只在候選人本人有罪確定時處罰推薦政黨。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-c04e98a3a47b"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-c04e98a3a47b",
      "text": "2007 年二讀的院會紀錄裡，政黨處罰、停職、當選無效之訴的條文都是「照協商條文通過」，沒有人發言說明理由，整份紀錄沒有「連坐」兩字。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-308d96730a60"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-308d96730a60",
      "text": "2000 年法務部委託的研究、2005 年中選會主委和 2018 年法務部次長都曾表態研究或思考日本的連坐或送禮禁止，但我們沒有找到後續檢討的公開結果。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-b184f78bf264"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-b184f78bf264",
      "text": "2011 年監察院認定，前臺北縣的地方民代配合款被當作「討好選民、酬謝樁腳」的財政資源，並糾正新北市政府與行政院主計處。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-205a39f0918d"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-205a39f0918d",
      "text": "2014 年到 2024 年 9 月，投票受賄罪裁判確定有罪 1053 人，起訴占刑法妨害投票罪起訴人數的 48.9%。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-ae2d54b23c06"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-ae2d54b23c06",
      "text": "賄選到底有沒有變少？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-31ccef1a6abf"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-31ccef1a6abf",
      "text": "當選無效確定的案子裡，候選人本人、家人、幹部、樁腳買票各有多少，又有多少被推認到候選人？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-fdb91896d68d"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-fdb91896d68d",
      "text": "2007 年修法為什麼只罰政黨，不讓候選人為陣營負連帶責任？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-9f42363c5787"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-9f42363c5787",
      "text": "中選會 2005 年答應提出的連坐法書面報告，以及法務部 2018 年以後的檢討，後來怎麼了？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-150df567779b"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-150df567779b",
      "text": "花蓮秀林案的錢是否來自公益協會善款與公所回饋金？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-967b69f88b67"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-967b69f88b67",
      "text": "拿到建議款，是否在各縣市都會轉成選票？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-6e55eb7beda9"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-6e55eb7beda9",
      "text": "一般民眾自己遇過的買票、送禮經驗是什麼樣子？"
    }
  ],
  "schema": "walkingbook-public-knowledge-v0",
  "source": {
    "path": "docs/product/evidence/taiwan-election-bribery-history-editorial-review.md",
    "sha256": "267e0d7fbb5d2c6d93a806d9db2f313082a32da1a6f46f25e1a03be15dae3f2d"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src-1",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "政府公告",
      "title": "中選會公告",
      "url": "https://www.suao.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=9043&s=406824"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-2",
      "published_at": "2026-10-25",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "中央社",
      "url": "https://www.cna.com.tw/news/asoc/202610250027.aspx"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-3",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "政府檔案展覽頁",
      "title": "檔案管理局",
      "url": "https://art.archives.gov.tw/tw/art/1490.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-4",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "TVBS",
      "url": "https://news.tvbs.com.tw/local/4019591"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-5",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "聯合報",
      "url": "https://udn.com/news/story/7321/9744494"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-6",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "公視",
      "url": "https://news.pts.org.tw/article/826203"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-7",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "公視",
      "url": "https://news.pts.org.tw/article/830202"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-8",
      "published_at": "2026-10-07",
      "source_type": "政府新聞稿",
      "title": "法務部",
      "url": "https://www.moj.gov.tw/2204/2795/2796/288694/post"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-9",
      "published_at": "2019-11",
      "source_type": "政府新聞稿",
      "title": "法務部新聞稿",
      "url": "https://www.moj.gov.tw/media/9703/9141911111611f92e0.pdf?mediaDL=true"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-10",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "政府年報",
      "title": "法務行政一年 2016",
      "url": "https://www.moj.gov.tw/media/2162/9031805281004c86d0.pdf?mediaDL=true"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-11",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "政府統計表",
      "title": "最高檢統計表",
      "url": "https://www.tps.moj.gov.tw/media/196367/1080930.pdf?mediaDL=true"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-12",
      "published_at": "1995",
      "source_type": "政府新聞／報告紀錄",
      "title": "總統府",
      "url": "https://www.president.gov.tw/NEWS/22681"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-13",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "政府統計分析報告",
      "title": "法務部統計處",
      "url": "https://www.rjsd.moj.gov.tw/rjsdweb/common/WebListFile.ashx?list_id=1987"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-14",
      "published_at": "2019",
      "source_type": "學術論文",
      "title": "蘇瑞鏘，2019，pp.99–102",
      "url": "https://taiwan.ntue.edu.tw/var/file/29/1029/img/692/881120299.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-15",
      "published_at": "2007",
      "source_type": "學術論文",
      "title": "Wang & Kurzman，2007，pp.233–239",
      "url": "https://kurzman.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1410/2011/06/Wang_Kurzman_Dilemmas.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-16",
      "published_at": "2004",
      "source_type": "學術論文",
      "title": "王金壽，2004",
      "url": "https://www.tpsr.tw/node/1016"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-17",
      "published_at": "1997",
      "source_type": "學術論文",
      "title": "王金壽，1997",
      "url": "https://www.tpsr.tw/node/950"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-18",
      "published_at": "1980-05-14",
      "source_type": "法規條文（歷史版本）",
      "title": "1980 年版本",
      "url": "https://laws.gov.taipei/Law/LawSearch/LawArticleContent/FL001996?date=19800514"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-19",
      "published_at": "1994-07-23",
      "source_type": "法規條文（歷史版本）",
      "title": "1994 年版本",
      "url": "https://laws.gov.taipei/Law/LawSearch/LawArticleContent/FL001996?date=19940723"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-20",
      "published_at": "1998",
      "source_type": "政府函釋",
      "title": "法務部函",
      "url": "https://mojlaw.moj.gov.tw/LawContentExShow.aspx?id=FE078498&type=e"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-21",
      "published_at": "2005-11-30",
      "source_type": "法規條文（歷史版本）",
      "title": "2005 年版本",
      "url": "https://laws.gov.taipei/Law/LawSearch/LawArticleContent/FL001996?date=20051130"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-22",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法規沿革資料庫",
      "title": "法規沿革",
      "url": "https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?pcode=D0020010"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-23",
      "published_at": "2006",
      "source_type": "學術論文",
      "title": "王金壽，2006",
      "url": "https://tpsr.tw/zh-hant/zh-hant/paper/tai-wan-de-si-fa-du-li-gai-ge-yu-guo-min-dang-shi-cong-zhu-yi-de-beng-kui"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-24",
      "published_at": "2006",
      "source_type": "新聞報導（網頁存檔）",
      "title": "自由時報，2006，存檔",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201208002439/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/local/paper/84979"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-25",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "人間福報",
      "url": "https://www.merit-times.com.tw/NewsPage.aspx?unid=506520"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-26",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "政府機關文件",
      "title": "高雄地檢署",
      "url": "https://www.ksc.moj.gov.tw/media/120988/471815546612.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-27",
      "published_at": "2018-10",
      "source_type": "立法院公報",
      "title": "立法院公報 107 卷 88 期",
      "url": "https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/SittingCommitteesInfo/download/communique1/final/pdf/107/88/LCIDC01_1078801_00004.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-28",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法規條文",
      "title": "選罷法",
      "url": "https://law.cec.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?id=GL000292"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-29",
      "published_at": "2024-05-28",
      "source_type": "法院判決",
      "title": "臺中高分院 112 年度選上字第 20 號",
      "url": "https://judgment.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/printData.aspx?id=TCHV%2C112%2C%E9%81%B8%E4%B8%8A%2C20%2C20240528%2C1"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-30",
      "published_at": "2007",
      "source_type": "法院判決",
      "title": "最高法院 96 年度台上字第 1233 號",
      "url": "https://lawplayer.com/valuable-judgment/646b359dc3e2a9cc78b2246b"
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      "published_at": "2023-11",
      "source_type": "法院新聞稿",
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      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-992678-61ccb-1.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-32",
      "published_at": "2024",
      "source_type": "法院新聞稿",
      "title": "司法院新聞稿",
      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-1092957-4c874-1.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-33",
      "published_at": "2023",
      "source_type": "法院新聞稿",
      "title": "司法院新聞稿",
      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-952808-64a6c-1.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-34",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法院新聞稿",
      "title": "臺中高分院新聞稿",
      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-1345101-2d9ca-1.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-35",
      "published_at": "2026-09-07",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "中央社",
      "url": "https://www.cna.com.tw/news/asoc/202609070063.aspx"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-36",
      "published_at": "2022",
      "source_type": "政府彙編",
      "title": "最高檢彙編",
      "url": "https://www.tph.moj.gov.tw/media/297316/公職人員選舉罷免法無罪判決案例彙編.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-37",
      "published_at": "2026-09",
      "source_type": "政府機關新聞",
      "title": "臺中地檢署",
      "url": "https://www.tcc.moj.gov.tw/295804/295830/657577/1441818/post"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-38",
      "published_at": "2026-05-30",
      "source_type": "政府新聞稿",
      "title": "最高檢新聞稿",
      "url": "https://www.tps.moj.gov.tw/media/440566/1150530最高檢新聞稿-選舉餐會.pdf?mediaDL=true"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-39",
      "published_at": "2026-09",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "公視",
      "url": "https://news.pts.org.tw/article/828719"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-40",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "公視",
      "url": "https://news.pts.org.tw/article/829803"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-41",
      "published_at": "2025",
      "source_type": "網路論壇貼文",
      "title": "PTT 台南板",
      "url": "https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Tainan/M.1744562425.A.955.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-42",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "墨新聞",
      "url": "https://more-news.tw/746524/"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-43",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "聯合報",
      "url": "https://udn.com/vote2026/story/124652/9792289"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-44",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "聯合報",
      "url": "https://udn.com/news/story/7321/9812090"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-45",
      "published_at": "2020",
      "source_type": "學位論文",
      "title": "呂正業，2020",
      "url": "https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id%3D%22108NTHU5610017%22.&searchmode=basic"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-46",
      "published_at": "2024-03-04",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "中央社",
      "url": "https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aloc/202403040307.aspx"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-47",
      "published_at": "2018-08-23",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "中央社，2018",
      "url": "https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aloc/201808230240.aspx"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-48",
      "published_at": "2026-10",
      "source_type": "政府新聞",
      "title": "基隆市政府",
      "url": "https://www.klcg.gov.tw/tw/personnel/2631-323474.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-49",
      "published_at": "2017",
      "source_type": "學位論文",
      "title": "蘇郁如，2017",
      "url": "https://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/20366"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-50",
      "published_at": "2011",
      "source_type": "監察院調查報告",
      "title": "監察院調查報告",
      "url": "https://cybsbox.cy.gov.tw/CYBSBoxSSL/edoc/download/49416"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-51",
      "published_at": "2026-10",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "聯合報",
      "url": "https://udn.com/news/story/7321/9835824"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-52",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "日本地方政府選管說明頁",
      "title": "山口縣選舉管理委員會",
      "url": "https://www.pref.yamaguchi.lg.jp/site/senkyo-faq/328183.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-53",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "日本地方政府選管說明頁",
      "title": "杉戶町選舉管理委員會",
      "url": "https://www.town.sugito.lg.jp/page/8121.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-54",
      "published_at": "1994-10-28",
      "source_type": "國會會議紀錄",
      "title": "日本國會會議錄",
      "url": "https://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/simple/detail?minId=113104573X00419941028"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-55",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法院判決",
      "title": "大阪高等裁判所判決",
      "url": "https://www.courts.go.jp/assets/hanrei/hanrei-pdf-16198.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-56",
      "published_at": "1983",
      "source_type": "法規條文",
      "title": "RPA 1983 第 114 條",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/2/section/114"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-57",
      "published_at": "1983",
      "source_type": "法規條文",
      "title": "RPA 1983 第 159 條",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/2/section/159"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-58",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法規條文",
      "title": "52 U.S.C. §10307(c)",
      "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title52/html/USCODE-2023-title52.htm"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-59",
      "published_at": "2023",
      "source_type": "政府彙編",
      "title": "最高檢偵查要領",
      "url": "https://www.tps.moj.gov.tw/media/329427/2023公職人員選舉罷免法偵查要領彙編_13-1壹拾參-當選無效之訴類.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-60",
      "published_at": "2023",
      "source_type": "政府彙編",
      "title": "最高檢參考指引",
      "url": "https://www.tps.moj.gov.tw/media/329428/2023公職人員選舉罷免法偵查要領彙編_13-2壹拾參-當選無效之訴類.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-61",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法院新聞稿",
      "title": "臺南高分院新聞稿",
      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-1020135-7a29e-1.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-62",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法院新聞稿",
      "title": "臺中高分院新聞稿",
      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-1005554-da4db-1.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-63",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法院新聞稿",
      "title": "臺南高分院新聞稿",
      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-1006549-77574-1.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-64",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法院新聞稿",
      "title": "臺南高分院新聞稿",
      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-1147867-98c22-1.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-65",
      "published_at": "2000",
      "source_type": "政府新聞",
      "title": "法務部",
      "url": "https://www.moj.gov.tw/2204/2795/2796/53241/"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-66",
      "published_at": "2005-11",
      "source_type": "立法院公報",
      "title": "立法院公報 94 卷 63 期",
      "url": "https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/PublicationBulletinDetail/download/communique/final/pdf/94/63/LCIDC01_946301.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-67",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "立法院公報",
      "title": "立法院公報 94 卷 71 期",
      "url": "https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/PublicationBulletinDetail/download/communique/final/pdf/94/71/LCIDC01_947102_00001.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-68",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "立法院公報",
      "title": "立法院公報 95 卷 44 期",
      "url": "https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/PublicationBulletinDetail/download/communique/final/pdf/95/44/LCIDC01_954402.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-69",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "國會研究報告",
      "title": "立法院法制局",
      "url": "https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=6588&pid=83591"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-70",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "國會圖書館研究指引",
      "title": "國會圖書館",
      "url": "https://npl.ly.gov.tw/npl/pathfinder/91.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-71",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "立法院公報",
      "title": "立法院公報 96 卷 73 期",
      "url": "https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/PublicationBulletinDetail/download/communique/final/pdf/96/73/LCIDC01_967301.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-72",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "立法院公報",
      "title": "立法院公報 96 卷 76 期",
      "url": "https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/PublicationBulletinDetail/download/communique/final/pdf/96/76/LCIDC01_967601_00004.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-73",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法規資料庫",
      "title": "法務部主管法規",
      "url": "https://mojlaw.moj.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?LSID=FL004998"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-74",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "政府統計年報表",
      "title": "年報起訴表",
      "url": "https://www.rjsd.moj.gov.tw/rjsdweb/book/Book_File.ashx?chapter_id=733_22_3"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-page",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "walkingbook_public_page",
      "title": "台灣賄選 76 年：選了這麼久，為什麼選票還能用利益交換？",
      "url": "https://walkingbook.tw/inquiry/taiwan-vote-buying-accountability/"
    }
  ],
  "unknowns": [
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "法務部或最高檢公開逐屆、同口徑、追到定讞，並分開行賄與受賄的查賄統計。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-8",
        "e-src-9",
        "e-src-11",
        "e-src-13",
        "e-src-74"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-ae2d54b23c06",
      "question": "賄選到底有沒有變少？",
      "status": "holder_blocked"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "司法院或法務部公開當選無效判決的分類統計，或者有可讀的 2015–2019 年判決分析論文全文。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-8",
        "e-src-10",
        "e-src-59",
        "e-src-60"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-31ccef1a6abf",
      "question": "當選無效確定的案子裡，候選人本人、家人、幹部、樁腳買票各有多少，又有多少被推認到候選人？",
      "status": "public_not_found"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "取得 2007 年選罷法修正的黨團協商過程紀錄或行政院草案總說明，並在裡面找到不採候選人連坐的說明。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-69",
        "e-src-70",
        "e-src-71",
        "e-src-72"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-fdb91896d68d",
      "question": "2007 年修法為什麼只罰政黨，不讓候選人為陣營負連帶責任？",
      "status": "public_not_found"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "中選會或法務部公開那份書面報告或檢討結果。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-27",
        "e-src-66",
        "e-src-67",
        "e-src-68"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-9f42363c5787",
      "question": "中選會 2005 年答應提出的連坐法書面報告，以及法務部 2018 年以後的檢討，後來怎麼了？",
      "status": "public_not_found"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "檢方起訴書或法院判決公開資金流向。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-5",
        "e-src-6"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-150df567779b",
      "question": "花蓮秀林案的錢是否來自公益協會善款與公所回饋金？",
      "status": "world_pending"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "出現跨縣市、分開議員建議款流向和得票的系統研究，或有各縣市公開的建議款明細可以比對。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-45",
        "e-src-46",
        "e-src-49",
        "e-src-50"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-967b69f88b67",
      "question": "拿到建議款，是否在各縣市都會轉成選票？",
      "status": "bounded_unknown"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "找到能核對日期、內容與發文者身分的公開第一手說法，或選後的民調、訪談研究。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-page"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-taiwan-vote-buying-accountability-6e55eb7beda9",
      "question": "一般民眾自己遇過的買票、送禮經驗是什麼樣子？",
      "status": "public_not_found"
    }
  ]
}