{
  "claims": [
    {
      "boundary": "刑事判決只認定三人的行為，不等於認定江啟臣參與或知情。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-2",
        "e-src-4"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-73affba7b02e",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "臺中市（2024年立委選舉山城區）",
        "population": "江案餐會的三名行為人",
        "time": "2024年刑事判決"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "江啟臣競選團隊相關三人因選前餐會免費宴請志工，經臺中地院113年度選訴字第3號判決行求不正利益罪確定。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "這是個案證據判斷，不代表其他法院在類似事實下會做出相同結論，也沒有明文討論民訴第277條但書。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-1",
        "e-src-3"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-b8ca4c5b9e81",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "臺中高分院",
        "population": "江啟臣當選無效之訴",
        "time": "2025-06-18"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "江案民事二審依邀約者證詞、監視器、刑事卷宗及幹部任職時間，認定無法證明江啟臣知情，駁回當選無效之訴確定。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "兩案事實不同，不能據此算出舉證規則對勝敗的影響，也不能推論法院整體偏向哪一邊。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-5",
        "e-src-6"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-9ba2622db37b",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "臺灣高等法院、臺中高分院",
        "population": "兩件由檢察官提起的縣議員當選無效之訴",
        "time": "2024年3月與10月"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2024年，臺灣高院在莊淑如案依民訴第277條但書，要候選人證明助選者是自行決意買票；臺中高分院在黃俊源案明白拒絕檢方翻轉舉證的要求。兩個合議庭的舉證立場相反。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "兩案理由和事實不同，判決結果相同不代表見解已經統一；黃俊哲案沒有列出通用的防賄免責條件。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-9",
        "e-src-10"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-252780475357",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "高雄分院、臺灣高等法院",
        "population": "兩件當選無效事件",
        "time": "2024年1月、8月"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "潘連周案以通聯、助選活動、補助時點等間接事實推認候選人知情同意；黃俊哲案則以選任監督責任，把經認可團隊的送禮行為視為候選人的行為。兩案都判當選無效，也都沒有明文以第277條但書翻轉舉證。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "這些是歷史判決與報告，不代表現行判決母體；報告所載司法院回覆不代表今天的立場。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-11",
        "e-src-12",
        "e-src-13"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bf3001439b55",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "高雄分院、監察院",
        "population": "兩件歷史當選無效判決",
        "time": "2011–2012年判決，報告成文日未核定"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "高雄分院2011年郭美玉案與2012年曾麗燕案的舉證見解不同；監察院報告曾並列兩案批評分歧，並建議修法明確界定責任範圍。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "第120條沒有明文規定，不等於法院不能依解釋把助選者行為歸給候選人。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-14",
        "e-src-15"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bb6711888d16",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "臺灣",
        "population": "公職人員選舉當選無效之訴",
        "time": "現行法（截至2026年11月）"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "《選罷法》第120條只寫當選人有第99條第1項的買票行為，沒有明列助選者行為如何歸給當選人，也沒有特別規定舉證責任；選舉訴訟準用民事訴訟法，以二審終結。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "第110條第7項是罰鍰，席位責任的代價不同，不能由這條直接推出應採當選無效的自動連坐。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-18",
        "e-src-19"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-93a6aec608a7",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "臺灣立法院",
        "population": "選罷法修正案（行政院版與29份委員、黨團提案併案）",
        "time": "2023年修法"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2023年選罷法修正以「候選人應負監督責任」為由，新增第110條第7項，讓候選人和受指示者一起為多種競選違規受罰鍰。同次修正中，第120條只延長起訴期間並增列虛偽遷籍事由。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "這只證明問題曾被帶到中選會主持的會議，不是政策決議或修法草案，後續處理不明。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-25"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6c798fd73601",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "中選會全國選務檢討會（南投縣選委會實錄收錄）",
        "population": "選務機關",
        "time": "2022年12月"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2022年12月的選務檢討會上，新北市選委會監察小組召集人質疑法院擴大團隊責任、要求候選人反證，並建議中選會跨機關會商或修法；主席要求列入紀錄。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "這是有條件的回答，不是修法承諾；報告是否提出仍然未知。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-24"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-7b4461f7ffa7",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "臺灣立法院院會",
        "population": "中選會主委答詢",
        "time": "2005年"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "2005年立委質詢中選會為何不提連坐法；主委對「如果真有研究」就提書面報告的要求，回答「可以」。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "不受理不代表憲法法庭認可任何一種歸責或舉證見解。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-27"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-59bcee855cc7",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "臺灣憲法法庭",
        "population": "黃俊哲聲請案",
        "time": "2025-03-12"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "憲法法庭以釋字第442號已認定二審終結合憲，裁定黃俊哲的聲請不受理，沒有處理團隊歸責與舉證問題。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "這是制度架構比較，不能據此說日本買票比較少，也不能說移植到臺灣一定有效。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-29",
        "e-src-30",
        "e-src-31",
        "e-src-32"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6742573e599c",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "日本",
        "population": "日本公職選舉候選人",
        "time": "1994年擴大後的現行架構"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "日本《公職選舉法》連座制明列總幹事、會計、地區負責人、意思相通的親屬與秘書、組織管理者等角色；組織管理者犯罪時，候選人可以主張已盡相當注意、對手設局或陣營倒戈而免責。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "這只是早期執行紀錄，不是嚇阻買票的成效證據，也不代表今日情況。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-34"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-d77e2d28889e",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "日本",
        "population": "檢察官提起的連座相關訴訟",
        "time": "1994年至2002年5月"
      },
      "status": "supported",
      "text": "日本強化連座制後，截至2002年5月31日，檢察官提起相關訴訟80件，其中76件被歸入原告勝訴（含因無訴訟利益而撤回者）。"
    },
    {
      "boundary": "這是根據公開判決與法條所做的判斷；若後續判決形成一致標準，或立法院、主管機關已有被擱置的方案，判斷會修正。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-5",
        "e-src-6",
        "e-src-14",
        "e-src-15",
        "e-src-18"
      ],
      "id": "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-600572794e8b",
      "scope": {
        "geography": "臺灣",
        "population": "助選者買票、候選人否認知情的當選無效訴訟",
        "time": "2011–2026年"
      },
      "status": "synthesis",
      "text": "問題出在法律：第120條把團隊買票的歸責與舉證取捨留給各庭判斷，選舉訴訟又在高院結束，立法院應先寫清規則。"
    }
  ],
  "evidence": [
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-1",
      "locator": "中央社社會新聞 2025-06-18：江啟臣當選無效訴訟二審駁回確定；同則提及山城區主委、榮譽主委及里長因選前餐會判刑",
      "source_id": "src-1",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-b8ca4c5b9e81"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-2",
      "locator": "臺中高分院新聞稿：三人經臺中地院113年度選訴字第3號判決以「行求不正利益罪」判處罪刑確定之段落",
      "source_id": "src-2",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-73affba7b02e"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-8c1f3a136450"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-3",
      "locator": "臺灣高等法院臺中分院114年度選上字第1號民事判決（2025-06-18）判決理由：臨時受邀抗辯之認定（邀約者證詞、現場監視器、刑事卷宗、幹部任職時間）",
      "source_id": "src-3",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-b8ca4c5b9e81"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-4",
      "locator": "臺灣臺中地方法院113年度選訴字第3號刑事判決（2024-11-28）犯罪事實：宴請26名環保志工、每人折算約577元、江啟臣為不知情受邀者",
      "source_id": "src-4",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-73affba7b02e"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-8c1f3a136450"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-5",
      "locator": "臺灣高等法院112年度選上字第18號民事判決（2024-10-22）：莊淑如當選無效、父親交付4,000元買票之認定",
      "source_id": "src-5",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-600572794e8b",
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-9ba2622db37b"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-6",
      "locator": "臺中高分院新聞稿：彰化縣議員黃俊源當選無效訴訟二審（2024-03-06宣判）",
      "source_id": "src-6",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-600572794e8b",
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-9ba2622db37b"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-7",
      "locator": "中央社社會新聞 2024-03-06：黃俊源助選團隊成員以每票500元買票、彰化地檢署提告",
      "source_id": "src-7",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-8",
      "locator": "彰化地院一審新聞稿：選任監督責任、「李秋榮之賄選行為應視為被告本人所為」、判黃俊源當選無效之段落",
      "source_id": "src-8",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-9",
      "locator": "臺灣高等法院高雄分院112年度選上字第29號民事判決（2024-01-31）判決理由：通聯、補助核准時間、轉發文宣與邀約站台等證據及推認同意知情",
      "source_id": "src-9",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-252780475357"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-10",
      "locator": "臺灣高等法院113年度選上字第1號民事判決（2024-08-30）：砂鍋魚頭禮盒分送之主張與黃俊哲抗辯",
      "source_id": "src-10",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-252780475357"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-11",
      "locator": "臺灣高等法院高雄分院100年度選上字第1號民事判決（2011-07-28）：至親好友或選舉幹部買票由當選人證明未參與之論理",
      "source_id": "src-11",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bf3001439b55"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-12",
      "locator": "臺灣高等法院高雄分院100年度選上字第45號民事判決（2012-04-11）：原告舉證責任、民事訴訟法第277條但書之適用及廢棄一審判決",
      "source_id": "src-12",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bf3001439b55"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-13",
      "locator": "監察院調查報告：並列郭美玉案與曾麗燕案批評見解分歧之段落、建議內政部修法、所載司法院回覆",
      "source_id": "src-13",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bf3001439b55"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-14",
      "locator": "公職人員選舉罷免法第120條（當選無效事由，援引第99條第1項）",
      "source_id": "src-14",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-600572794e8b",
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bb6711888d16"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-15",
      "locator": "公職人員選舉罷免法全文：第127條（依職權調查必要之事證）、第128條（準用民事訴訟法）",
      "source_id": "src-15",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-600572794e8b",
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bb6711888d16"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-16",
      "locator": "立法院議案頁：時代力量黨團第120條修正草案，「議案進度」欄（審查完畢（三讀））",
      "source_id": "src-16",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-17",
      "locator": "立法院IVOD 2023-03-15 內政委員會：內政部書面報告（第117條停止職權、增列當選無效事由「須予審酌」）",
      "source_id": "src-17",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-18",
      "locator": "內政委員會審查報告（LCEWA01_100713_00599）：第120條「照行政院提案修正通過」及修正理由（起訴期間30日改60日、虛偽遷籍）；第110條修正說明",
      "source_id": "src-18",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-600572794e8b",
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-93a6aec608a7"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-19",
      "locator": "公職人員選舉罷免法第110條第7項",
      "source_id": "src-19",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-93a6aec608a7"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-20",
      "locator": "公視新聞報導：2023年5月三讀選罷法修正，政黨連坐罰鍰、「加重政黨之注意義務」段落",
      "source_id": "src-20",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-21",
      "locator": "公職人員選舉罷免法法規沿革：2026-07-01修正（第26條）",
      "source_id": "src-21",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-22",
      "locator": "法務部委託研究：建議仿日本連坐制之段落",
      "source_id": "src-22",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-23",
      "locator": "檢察機關選舉偵查要領（PDF）：建議候選人為樁腳買票負席位責任之文章",
      "source_id": "src-23",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e523531c56b9"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-24",
      "locator": "立法院公報第94卷第63期（LCIDC01_946301），頁53：謝文政質詢中選會主委張政雄",
      "source_id": "src-24",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-7b4461f7ffa7"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e012c393cd38"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-25",
      "locator": "南投縣選委會2022年選舉實錄：2022年12月選務檢討會，新北市選委會監察小組召集人黃陽壽發言",
      "source_id": "src-25",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6c798fd73601"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-26",
      "locator": "最高檢2023公職人員選舉罷免法偵查要領彙編 壹拾參、當選無效之訴類（13-2）〈提起當選無效之訴參考指引〉",
      "source_id": "src-26",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-27",
      "locator": "憲法法庭2025-03-12裁定：黃俊哲聲請案不受理理由（釋字第442號、未具體說明違憲）",
      "source_id": "src-27",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-59bcee855cc7"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-28",
      "locator": "日本國會會議錄 minId 113104573X00419941028（1994-10-28）：小選區制改革與連座制擴大之討論",
      "source_id": "src-28",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-29",
      "locator": "埼玉縣選舉管理委員會連座制說明頁：連座對象人員分類",
      "source_id": "src-29",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6742573e599c"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-30",
      "locator": "大阪市選舉管理委員會連座制說明頁：父母、配偶、子女、兄弟姊妹及秘書之連座要件",
      "source_id": "src-30",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6742573e599c"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-31",
      "locator": "日本公職選舉法第251條之2、第251條之3",
      "source_id": "src-31",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6742573e599c"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-32",
      "locator": "日本國會會議錄 minId 115014596X00320001010（2000-10-10）：主管機關關於「相當注意」之答覆",
      "source_id": "src-32",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6742573e599c"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [],
      "id": "e-src-33",
      "locator": "Representation of the People Act 1983, section 159",
      "source_id": "src-33",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e846a1a0ab9a"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-34",
      "locator": "日本法務省犯罪白書（2002）：連座制強化後訴訟統計（截至2002-05-31提起80件、原告勝訴76件）",
      "source_id": "src-34",
      "supports": [
        "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-d77e2d28889e"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-99b0e502ae70"
      ],
      "id": "e-src-35",
      "locator": "司法院收結統計：地方法院選舉訴訟年度收結件數表",
      "source_id": "src-35",
      "supports": []
    },
    {
      "bounds_unknowns": [
        "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6319f224532f",
        "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-c65d7fdadec9"
      ],
      "id": "e-page",
      "locator": "頁面「還不知道、而且會改變結論的」區段",
      "source_id": "src-page",
      "supports": []
    }
  ],
  "inquiry": {
    "id": "pursuit_41527713b99553ad2ac7",
    "reader_promise": "「助選者買票、候選人說不知情」的案子，法院沒有統一答案：有的要提告方證明候選人知情，有的要候選人自己證明，有的直接把團隊行為算給候選人。第120條沒寫清楚，選舉官司又到高院就結束。",
    "root_question": "樁腳買票、候選人說不知情：當選無效，法院怎麼算團隊的帳？",
    "updated_at": "2026-11-12T14:20:20+00:00"
  },
  "queries": [
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-73affba7b02e",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-b8ca4c5b9e81",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-9ba2622db37b",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-252780475357",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bf3001439b55",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bb6711888d16",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-93a6aec608a7",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6c798fd73601",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-7b4461f7ffa7",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-59bcee855cc7",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6742573e599c",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-d77e2d28889e",
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-600572794e8b"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-99b0e502ae70",
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e012c393cd38",
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e523531c56b9",
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6319f224532f",
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-c65d7fdadec9",
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-8c1f3a136450",
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e846a1a0ab9a"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-c825c8f88588",
      "text": "樁腳買票、候選人說不知情：當選無效，法院怎麼算團隊的帳？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-73affba7b02e"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-73affba7b02e",
      "text": "江啟臣競選團隊相關三人因選前餐會免費宴請志工，經臺中地院113年度選訴字第3號判決行求不正利益罪確定。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-b8ca4c5b9e81"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-b8ca4c5b9e81",
      "text": "江案民事二審依邀約者證詞、監視器、刑事卷宗及幹部任職時間，認定無法證明江啟臣知情，駁回當選無效之訴確定。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-9ba2622db37b"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-9ba2622db37b",
      "text": "2024年，臺灣高院在莊淑如案依民訴第277條但書，要候選人證明助選者是自行決意買票；臺中高分院在黃俊源案明白拒絕檢方翻轉舉證的要求。兩個合議庭的舉證立場相反。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-252780475357"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-252780475357",
      "text": "潘連周案以通聯、助選活動、補助時點等間接事實推認候選人知情同意；黃俊哲案則以選任監督責任，把經認可團隊的送禮行為視為候選人的行為。兩案都判當選無效，也都沒有明文以第277條但書翻轉舉證。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bf3001439b55"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bf3001439b55",
      "text": "高雄分院2011年郭美玉案與2012年曾麗燕案的舉證見解不同；監察院報告曾並列兩案批評分歧，並建議修法明確界定責任範圍。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bb6711888d16"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-bb6711888d16",
      "text": "《選罷法》第120條只寫當選人有第99條第1項的買票行為，沒有明列助選者行為如何歸給當選人，也沒有特別規定舉證責任；選舉訴訟準用民事訴訟法，以二審終結。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-93a6aec608a7"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-93a6aec608a7",
      "text": "2023年選罷法修正以「候選人應負監督責任」為由，新增第110條第7項，讓候選人和受指示者一起為多種競選違規受罰鍰。同次修正中，第120條只延長起訴期間並增列虛偽遷籍事由。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6c798fd73601"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6c798fd73601",
      "text": "2022年12月的選務檢討會上，新北市選委會監察小組召集人質疑法院擴大團隊責任、要求候選人反證，並建議中選會跨機關會商或修法；主席要求列入紀錄。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-7b4461f7ffa7"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-7b4461f7ffa7",
      "text": "2005年立委質詢中選會為何不提連坐法；主委對「如果真有研究」就提書面報告的要求，回答「可以」。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-59bcee855cc7"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-59bcee855cc7",
      "text": "憲法法庭以釋字第442號已認定二審終結合憲，裁定黃俊哲的聲請不受理，沒有處理團隊歸責與舉證問題。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6742573e599c"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6742573e599c",
      "text": "日本《公職選舉法》連座制明列總幹事、會計、地區負責人、意思相通的親屬與秘書、組織管理者等角色；組織管理者犯罪時，候選人可以主張已盡相當注意、對手設局或陣營倒戈而免責。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-d77e2d28889e"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-d77e2d28889e",
      "text": "日本強化連座制後，截至2002年5月31日，檢察官提起相關訴訟80件，其中76件被歸入原告勝訴（含因無訴訟利益而撤回者）。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [
          "claim-vote-buying-candidate-liability-600572794e8b"
        ],
        "unknown_ids": []
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-600572794e8b",
      "text": "問題出在法律：第120條把團隊買票的歸責與舉證取捨留給各庭判斷，選舉訴訟又在高院結束，立法院應先寫清規則。"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-99b0e502ae70"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-99b0e502ae70",
      "text": "全國「助選者買票、候選人否認參與」的當選無效判決中，各種歸責與舉證見解的分布如何？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e012c393cd38"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e012c393cd38",
      "text": "2022年選務檢討會那項修法與統一見解建議，中選會與內政部後來如何處理？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e523531c56b9"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e523531c56b9",
      "text": "2005年中選會主委有條件答應的連坐制書面報告，是否曾經提出？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6319f224532f"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6319f224532f",
      "text": "2012年蕭美琴等人提出的第120條修正草案，送院會協商後的最後結果如何？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-c65d7fdadec9"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-c65d7fdadec9",
      "text": "陳錦錠案關於候選人家屬「自己出錢」買票的官方全文與二審結果為何？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-8c1f3a136450"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-8c1f3a136450",
      "text": "各案實際金流、未公開通訊與競選團隊的防賄安排為何？"
    },
    {
      "expects": {
        "claim_ids": [],
        "unknown_ids": [
          "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e846a1a0ab9a"
        ]
      },
      "id": "query-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e846a1a0ab9a",
      "text": "日本連座制是否確實減少買票？"
    }
  ],
  "schema": "walkingbook-public-knowledge-v0",
  "source": {
    "path": "docs/product/evidence/walkingbook-question-3295fa4ad16c8fae-editorial-review.md",
    "sha256": "4fe754660f827b7f90d9e658f377a54bcce54a6d38db6d804abd29331902cb9f"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src-1",
      "published_at": "2025-06-18",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "中央社",
      "url": "https://www.cna.com.tw/news/asoc/202506180162.aspx"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-2",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法院新聞稿",
      "title": "臺中高分院的新聞稿",
      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-1345101-2d9ca-1.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-3",
      "published_at": "2025-06-18",
      "source_type": "法院判決",
      "title": "二審判決全文",
      "url": "https://judgment.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/printData.aspx?id=TCHV%2C114%2C%E9%81%B8%E4%B8%8A%2C1%2C20250618%2C1"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-4",
      "published_at": "2024-11-28",
      "source_type": "法院判決",
      "title": "刑事判決",
      "url": "https://judgment.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/data.aspx?ty=JD&id=TCDM%2c113%2c%e9%81%b8%e8%a8%b4%2c3%2c20241128%2c1&ot=in"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-5",
      "published_at": "2024-10-22",
      "source_type": "法院判決",
      "title": "臺灣高等法院 112 年度選上字第 18 號判決",
      "url": "https://judgment.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/printData.aspx?id=TPHV%2C112%2C%E9%81%B8%E4%B8%8A%2C18%2C20241022%2C1"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-6",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法院新聞稿",
      "title": "臺中高分院",
      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-1048928-864e7-1.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-7",
      "published_at": "2024-03-06",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "中央社 2024-03-06",
      "url": "https://www.cna.com.tw/news/asoc/202403060299.aspx"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-8",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法院新聞稿",
      "title": "彰化地院一審",
      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-901525-f6f34-1.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-9",
      "published_at": "2024-01-31",
      "source_type": "法院判決",
      "title": "2024 年 1 月的潘連周案",
      "url": "https://judgment.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/printData.aspx?id=KSHV%2C112%2C%E9%81%B8%E4%B8%8A%2C29%2C20240131%2C1"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-10",
      "published_at": "2024-08-30",
      "source_type": "法院判決",
      "title": "臺灣高院 2024 年 8 月的黃俊哲案",
      "url": "https://judgment.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/printData.aspx?id=TPHV%2C113%2C%E9%81%B8%E4%B8%8A%2C1%2C20240830%2C1"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-11",
      "published_at": "2011-07-28",
      "source_type": "法院判決",
      "title": "高雄分院 2011 年郭美玉案",
      "url": "https://judgment.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/data.aspx?ty=JD&id=KSHV%2c100%2c%e9%81%b8%e4%b8%8a%2c1%2c20110728%2c2&ot=in"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-12",
      "published_at": "2012-04-11",
      "source_type": "法院判決",
      "title": "2012 年曾麗燕案",
      "url": "https://judgment.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/data.aspx?ty=JD&id=KSHV%2c100%2c%e9%81%b8%e4%b8%8a%2c45%2c20120411%2c1&ot=in"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-13",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "監察院調查報告",
      "title": "監察院調查報告",
      "url": "https://cybsbox.cy.gov.tw/CYBSBoxSSL/edoc/download/49472"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-14",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法規條文",
      "title": "第 120 條",
      "url": "https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawSingle.aspx?flno=120&pcode=D0020010"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-15",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法規條文",
      "title": "準用《民事訴訟法》",
      "url": "https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0020010"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-16",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "立法院議案",
      "title": "第 120 條修正草案",
      "url": "https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/bills/202103120530000/details"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-17",
      "published_at": "2023-03-15",
      "source_type": "立法院議事影音",
      "title": "內政部 2023 年 3 月 15 日的書面報告",
      "url": "https://ivod.ly.gov.tw/Demand/Speech/144240"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-18",
      "published_at": "2023",
      "source_type": "立法院委員會審查報告",
      "title": "2023 年的審查報告",
      "url": "https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/download/agenda1/02/pdf/10/07/13/LCEWA01_100713_00599.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-19",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法規條文",
      "title": "現行第 110 條第 7 項",
      "url": "https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawSingle.aspx?pcode=D0020010&flno=110"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-20",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "新聞報導",
      "title": "連坐的是推薦候選人的政黨，處罰是罰鍰",
      "url": "https://news.pts.org.tw/article/638725"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-21",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法規沿革",
      "title": "只改了第 26 條",
      "url": "https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?pcode=D0020010"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-22",
      "published_at": "2000",
      "source_type": "委託研究報告",
      "title": "法務部發布的委託研究",
      "url": "https://www.moj.gov.tw/2204/2795/2796/53241/"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-23",
      "published_at": "2015",
      "source_type": "檢察機關出版品",
      "title": "偵查要領",
      "url": "https://www.tpc.moj.gov.tw/media/84816/69219344089.pdf?mediaDL=true"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-24",
      "published_at": "2005",
      "source_type": "立法院公報",
      "title": "立法院公報",
      "url": "https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/PublicationBulletinDetail/download/communique/final/pdf/94/63/LCIDC01_946301.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-25",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "政府出版品",
      "title": "2022 年選舉實錄",
      "url": "https://web.cec.gov.tw/api/file/0a9e01df-b812-437a-87c9-35e082ded5e0.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-26",
      "published_at": "2023",
      "source_type": "檢察機關出版品",
      "title": "最高檢 2023 年彙編中的〈提起當選無效之訴參考指引〉",
      "url": "https://www.tps.moj.gov.tw/media/329428/2023公職人員選舉罷免法偵查要領彙編_13-2壹拾參-當選無效之訴類.pdf"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-27",
      "published_at": "2025-03-12",
      "source_type": "憲法法庭裁定",
      "title": "憲法法庭 2025 年 3 月 12 日的裁定",
      "url": "https://cons.judicial.gov.tw/docdata.aspx?fid=40&id=355106"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-28",
      "published_at": "1994-10-28",
      "source_type": "國會會議紀錄",
      "title": "國會紀錄",
      "url": "https://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/simple/detail?current=-1&minId=113104573X00419941028"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-29",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "政府機關說明頁",
      "title": "埼玉縣選委會說明",
      "url": "https://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/e1701/renza.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-30",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "政府機關說明頁",
      "title": "大阪市選委會",
      "url": "https://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/senkyo/page/0000002240.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-31",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法規條文",
      "title": "現行第 251 條之 2、之 3",
      "url": "https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/325AC1000000100"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-32",
      "published_at": "2000-10-10",
      "source_type": "國會會議紀錄",
      "title": "國會答覆",
      "url": "https://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/simple/detail?minId=115014596X00320001010"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-33",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "法規條文",
      "title": "英國法規",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/2/section/159/data.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-34",
      "published_at": "2002",
      "source_type": "政府白皮書",
      "title": "日本法務省 2002 年犯罪白書",
      "url": "https://hakusyo1.moj.go.jp/jp/43/nfm/n_43_2_1_1_6_2.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-35",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "統計資料",
      "title": "司法院收結統計",
      "url": "https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/dl-241736-e12e5377f15b4eb8b2d7d6d307c8cea6.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-page",
      "published_at": "",
      "source_type": "walkingbook_public_page",
      "title": "樁腳買票、候選人說不知情：當選無效，法院怎麼算團隊的帳？",
      "url": "https://walkingbook.tw/inquiry/vote-buying-candidate-liability/"
    }
  ],
  "unknowns": [
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "司法院或研究者公開按法理分類的二審確定判決清單或統計，涵蓋案件事實類型與舉證分配方式。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-35"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-99b0e502ae70",
      "question": "全國「助選者買票、候選人否認參與」的當選無效判決中，各種歸責與舉證見解的分布如何？",
      "status": "public_not_found"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "中選會或內政部公開的後續會商紀錄、研議報告、函文或修法草案。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-25"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e012c393cd38",
      "question": "2022年選務檢討會那項修法與統一見解建議，中選會與內政部後來如何處理？",
      "status": "bounded_unknown"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "立法院公報或中選會檔案中出現該書面報告原件或送達紀錄。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-24"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e523531c56b9",
      "question": "2005年中選會主委有條件答應的連坐制書面報告，是否曾經提出？",
      "status": "public_not_found"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "立法院議案進度頁或院會協商紀錄顯示該草案的協商結論或屆期不續審。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-page"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-6319f224532f",
      "question": "2012年蕭美琴等人提出的第120條修正草案，送院會協商後的最後結果如何？",
      "status": "bounded_unknown"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "取得司法院裁判書系統的官方一審全文與二審判決。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-page"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-c65d7fdadec9",
      "question": "陳錦錠案關於候選人家屬「自己出錢」買票的官方全文與二審結果為何？",
      "status": "requested"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "完整偵審卷宗或經法院認定的新事證公開。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-3",
        "e-src-5"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-8c1f3a136450",
      "question": "各案實際金流、未公開通訊與競選團隊的防賄安排為何？",
      "status": "bounded_unknown"
    },
    {
      "changes_claim_ids": [],
      "closure": "日本官方或學術研究公開、有比較基準的買票案件趨勢分析。",
      "evidence_refs": [
        "e-src-34"
      ],
      "id": "unknown-vote-buying-candidate-liability-e846a1a0ab9a",
      "question": "日本連座制是否確實減少買票？",
      "status": "public_not_found"
    }
  ]
}